A Correlational Study of Parental Socioeconomic Status and Child Malnutrition in Kano State
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Background of the Study
Malnutrition in children is a critical issue affecting public health in Nigeria, particularly in Kano State, which has one of the highest rates of childhood malnutrition in the country. Socioeconomic factors, including household income, parental education, and access to resources, significantly influence children's nutritional status. Children from lower socioeconomic backgrounds are at a higher risk of malnutrition due to limited access to nutritious food, healthcare, and educational resources. Poverty, in particular, exacerbates these issues, as families with low income may struggle to provide balanced diets for their children (Ibrahim et al., 2023).
The relationship between socioeconomic status and child malnutrition has been extensively documented in various studies globally, and there is growing evidence that maternal education and household income play significant roles in determining the nutritional outcomes for children (Aminu & Olanrewaju, 2023). In Kano State, where a large proportion of the population resides in rural and peri-urban areas, the impact of parental socioeconomic status on childhood malnutrition is particularly pronounced. Poor families are more likely to face food insecurity, lack access to healthcare services, and have lower levels of education, all of which contribute to a higher risk of malnutrition in children.
This study will examine the correlation between parental socioeconomic status and the prevalence of malnutrition in children in Kano State. Understanding this relationship can help inform policies aimed at improving child nutrition and reducing the rates of malnutrition in the region.
Statement of the Problem
Despite efforts to address childhood malnutrition in Kano State, malnutrition rates remain high, particularly in lower socioeconomic groups. Parental socioeconomic status, which influences access to nutrition, healthcare, and education, is believed to play a significant role in determining the nutritional status of children. However, the specific correlation between parental socioeconomic status and child malnutrition in Kano State has not been adequately explored. This study aims to fill this gap in knowledge by examining how factors such as income, education, and employment status influence child malnutrition in the region.
Objectives of the Study
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To examine the correlation between parental socioeconomic status and child malnutrition in Kano State.
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To assess the impact of maternal education and household income on the nutritional status of children.
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To explore the role of parental occupation and living conditions in influencing child malnutrition in Kano State.
Research Questions
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What is the relationship between parental socioeconomic status and child malnutrition in Kano State?
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How do factors such as maternal education and household income influence child malnutrition in Kano State?
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What role do parental occupation and living conditions play in determining the nutritional status of children in Kano State?
Research Hypotheses
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There is a significant negative correlation between parental socioeconomic status and child malnutrition in Kano State.
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Higher maternal education and household income are associated with lower rates of child malnutrition.
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Parental occupation and living conditions significantly influence the likelihood of child malnutrition in Kano State.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
The study will focus on children under five years of age in Kano State, assessing their nutritional status in relation to their parents' socioeconomic status. Data will be collected from households, health records, and interviews with parents. Limitations of the study include potential biases in reporting income and education levels, variations in food security practices, and the challenge of accurately assessing malnutrition without clinical measurements.
Definitions of Terms
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Socioeconomic Status: A composite measure of a family's economic and social position relative to others, based on income, education, and occupation.
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Child Malnutrition: A condition in which children do not receive adequate nutrition, resulting in underweight, stunting, or other deficiencies.
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Food Insecurity: A situation in which families do not have reliable access to sufficient quantities of nutritious food.
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Maternal Education: The highest level of formal education attained by the mother, which influences her ability to provide nutritional care for her children.
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